Critical and Historical Essays. Volume 3
TextIndia, foundation of the British Empire in, ii. 277, 280.
Early conduct of the English in, iii. 122.
Their government in, 127.
Regulating act for, 144.
English law not suited to, 168.
Advantages to the conquerors of the double governments in, 181.
Induction, reasoning by, not invented by Bacon, ii. 475.
Utility of its analysis greatly overrated by Bacon, 476.
Example of its leading to absurdity, 479.
Ireland, rebellion in, in 1640, ii. 41.
Essex's administration in, 386, 387.
Its condition under Cromwell's government, 519-521.
Its state contrasted with that of Scotland, 639.
Its union with England compared with the Persian fable of King Zohak, 640.
Italian writers, criticisms on the principal, i. 1-39.
Dante, 1-22.
Petrarch, 23-39.
Italy, her condition after the fall of Rome, i. 144.
Freedom maintained during the Middle Ages, 145.
Magnitude of her commerce, 147.
Progress of learning in, 148.
Art attains its zenith in, under Lorenzo the Magnificent, 150.
Decline of martial vigor, 151.
Use of mercenary soldiers in, 154.
Peculiar system of fashionable morality produced in, 156.
Character of her statesmen, 160.
Corruption of her politics, 168.
Feeling in, against the League of Cambray, 171.
Effect of the Reformation in, iii. 15.
Italy, Narrative of Travels in, Addison's, iii. 430.
Jacobins, their origin, ii. 72.
As a party in the French convention, urge the execution of the king, iii. 516.
Supported by the Paris mob, 519.
Condemn Marie Antoinette, 528.
And the Girondists, 532.
Begin the Reign of Terror, 533.
Incapacity of their leaders, 537.
Attack on Robespierre's faction, 553.
End of their power, 556, 563.
James I., his folly and weakness, ii. 11.
Resembled Claudius Cæsar, 12.
Court paid to him by the English courtiers before the death of Elizabeth, 398.
His twofold character, 398.
His favorable reception of Bacon, 399.
His anxiety for the union of England and Scotland, 402.
His employment of Bacon in perverting the laws, 403.
His favors and attachment to Buckingham, 410, 411.
Absoluteness of his government, 417.
Summons Parliament, 422.
His political blunders, 422, 423.
His message to the Commons on the misconduct of Bacon, 425.
James II., death of, i. 151.
Acknowledgment by Louis XIV. of his son as his successor, 152.
The favorite of the High Church party, 328.
His misgovernment, 329.
His claims as a supporter of toleration, 329-332.
His conduct toward Lord Rochester, 332.
His union with Louis XIV., 333.
His confidential advisers, 334.
See York, Duke of.
Jardine, Mr., on the use of torture in England, ii. 408, note.
Jeffreys, Judge, cruelty of, ii. 329.
Jenyns, Soame, his Origin of Evil reviewed by Johnson, ii. 195.
Jesuit Order, its theory and practice regarding heretics, ii. 334.
Its spirit and methods, iii. 20.
Fall of, 41.
Jews, civil disabilities of, protested against, i. 641-655.
Christianity of the government no barrier to removing their disabilities, 642.
Political exclusion a form, not a fact, 644.
Their aloofness merely a result of persecution, 646.
Justice demands their fair treatment, 655.
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, his view of history, i. 243.
Croker's Boswell's Johnson reviewed, 691-742.
Disdain of a French lady's library, 693.
Observations on Gibbon, 697.
Sells the Vicar of Wakefield, 698.
Dates of his university degrees, 699.
Epigram of, censured, 701.
Greatness of Boswell's life of, 711.
Our intimate knowledge of, 716.
His arrival in London, 717.
Small hope of patronage, 720.
Early poverty and misery, 721.
Last of the Grub Street hacks, 724.
Kindness of, 725.
Disregard of small grievances, 726.
Mixture of credulity and skepticism, 727.
Sentiments on religion, 728.
On politics, 730.
Judgments on books, 731.
How formed, 732.
His opinion of certain works, 733.
Observation of men and manners, 734.
Remarks on society narrow, 735.
Contempt of foreigners, 736.
Of travel and history, 738.
Mannerisms, 739.
His singular destiny, 742.
Friend of Dr. Burney, iii. 337.
Fondness for Fanny Burney, 351.
Jones, Sir William, his distichs on a lawyer's division of time, i. 704.
Jonson, Ben, on Bacon's eloquence, ii. 378.
Verses on the celebration of Bacon's sixtieth year, 421.
Tribute to Bacon, 442.
Junius, probably Philip Francis, iii. 145.
Juvenal, Johnson's aspersions on, i. 700.
Keith, George, Earl Marischal of Scotland, at the court of Frederic the Great, iii. 279.
Killed at Hochkirchen, 319.
Kimbolton, Lord, impeached, ii. 45.
King's Friends, a party under George III., iii. 659.
Kniperdoling and Robespierre, analogy between their followers, ii. 72.
Knowledge, advancement of society in, ii. 178, 301.
Labor, division of, ii. 606.
Labourdonnais, his talents, ii. 677.
His treatment by the French government, 757.
Lacedæmon, causes of the silent but rapid downfall of, i. 54, note.
La Fontaine, his character, i. 713.
Lalla Rookh, similes in, ii. 489.
Lally, Governor, ii. 758.
Lamb, Charles, defends the dramatists of the Restoration, iii. 53.
Las Torres, Count of, ii. 164, 165.
Latimer, Hugh, his popularity in London, ii. 433, 438.
Latin tongue in Dante's time, i. 1.
Laud, Archbishop, his errors, i. 336.
Not a traitor, 337.
His character, ii. 23.
His diary, 24.
His impeachment and imprisonment, 37.
His rigor against the Puritans, and tenderness towards the Catholics, 41.
Laudohn, an Austrian general, beats Frederic at Hochkirchen, iii. 319.
At Kunersdorf, 322.
Defeated at Lignitz but takes Schweidnitz, 325.
Lawrence, Major, his early notice of Clive, ii. 678.
Legerdemain, ii. 372.
Legge, Right Hon. H. B., ii. 264.
His dismissal, 265.
His return to the Exchequer, 268.
Legislation, comparative views on, by Plato and by Bacon, ii. 463.
Lennox, Charlotte, ii. 518.
Letters of Phalaris, ii. 592-596.
Liberty, its excesses, the reaction from tyranny, i. 119.
Cause of, espoused by Puritans, 132.
Maintained in the Italian towns of the Middle Ages, 145.
Its character in small states, 252.
Lingard, Doctor, his account of the treatment of Lord Rochester by James II., ii. 332.
His ability as an historian, 533.
His strictures on the Triple Alliance, 533.
Literature, rise of, in Italy, i. 148.
General consideration of the progress of, 190 et seq.
What epochs favorable to masterpieces, 190.
Influence of the critical faculty, 192.
Effect of technical skill, 198.
Rise of good imitative literature, 203.
Theories of, confirmed by history, 204.
Literature, English, its quibbling character during James I.'s reign, i. 205.
Patronage of, 547.
Superseded by a system of puffs, 549.
Revival of, 591.
Encouragement of, by court favor, 718.
Patronage discontinued by Walpole, 719.
Livy, as an historian, graceful but untruthful, i. 258.
Locke, John, Sadler not comparable to, i. 657.
Lollards, iii. 13.
London, in the 17th century, ii. 47.
Devoted to the national cause, 48.
Its public spirit, 77, 78.
Its prosperity during the ministry of Lord Chatham, 279.
Conduct of, at the Restoration, 316.
Effects of the Great Plague upon, 525.
Longinus, criticism of his work on the Sublime, i. 42.
Louis XIV., his character and person, ii. 113-115.
His conduct in respect to the Spanish succession, 140, 141, 149.
His acknowledgment of James II.'s son as King of England, and its consequences, 152.
Sends an army into Spain to the assistance of his grandson, 158.
His proceedings in support of his grandson, Philip, 158-175.
His reverses in Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, 175.
His policy, 333.
Character of his government, 334, 335.
His military exploits, 501, 502.
His projects and affected moderation, 528.
His ill-humor at the Triple Alliance, 533.
His conquest of Franche Comté 534.
His treaty with Charles, 543.
Louis XV., his government, ii. 757, 758.
Louis XVIII., restoration of, compared with that of Charles II., ii. 311.
Louisburg, fall of, ii. 276.
Love, honorable and chivalrous, unknown to the Greeks, i. 25.
As delineated by the Roman poets, 25.
What the word implies in its modern sense, 26.
Change in the nature of the passion in the Middle Ages, 27.
Love for Love, Congreve's, iii. 83.
Loyola, Ignatius, his life and character, iii. 18.
Founds the Jesuit Order, 20.
Luther, Martin, opposes the ancient philosophy, ii. 454.
Lysias, speech of, for the Athenian tribunals, ii. 601.
Macflecnoe, Dryden's, i. 233.
Machiavelli, his name generally odious, i. 140.
Theories with regard to his Prince, 141.
His composite character, 143.
Better than his contemporaries, 163.
His genius as a dramatist, 163.
His dramas, 165-168.
Fiction and political correspondence, 168.
Dexterity as a diplomat, 169.
Patriotism, 171.
Efforts in behalf of military reform, 173.
His Art of War, 175.
The Prince and Discourses on Livy considered, 176.
Errors in, excusable, 178.
Compared to Montesquieu, 180.
His historical works, 183.
Mackintosh, Sir James, review of his History of the
Revolution in England, ii. 283-356.
Comparison with Fox's History of James II., 284.
Character of his oratory, 285.
His conversational powers, 289.
His qualities as an historian, 290.
His vindication from the imputations of the editor, 293, 299-305.
Change in his opinions produced by the French Revolution, 294.
His moderation, 298-300.
His historical justice, 306.
Maclean, Colonel, Hastings's agent in London, receives his resignation, iii. 152.
Presents it, 160.
Madras, description of, ii. 674.
Its capitulation to the French, 677.
Restored to the English, 678.
Madrid, capture of, by the English army in 1705, ii. 166, 167.
Mahommed Reza Khan, candidate for minister of Bengal, iii. 129.
Appointed by Clive, 131.
Removed by order of the Court of Directors, 132.
Acquitted, 135.
Mahon, Lord, review of his History of the War of the Succession in Spain, ii. 128-186.
His qualities as an historian, 128-130.
His explanation of the financial condition of Spain, 136, 137.
His opinions on the Partition Treaty, 141-143.
His representations of Cardinal Portocarrero, 154.
His opinion of the peace at the conclusion of the War of the Spanish Succession, 177.
His censure of Harley, 178.
His view of the resemblance of the Tories of 1832 to the Whigs of the Revolution, 178-181.
Mahrattas, danger to India from, iii. 164.
Malaga, naval battle near, in 1704, ii. 159.
Malcolm, Sir John, review of his Life of Lord Clive, ii. 670-762.
Value of his work, 671.
His partiality for Clive, 708.
His defence of Clive's conduct towards Omichund, 717.
Malthus, Thomas, his law of population attacked by Sadler, i. 610, 659.
Use of arithmetical terms objected to, 616.
His opinion as regards the United States, 636.
Mandragola, The, i. 163. Its plot, 165.
Mansfield, Murray, Lord, his character and talents, ii. 258.
His rejection of the overtures of Newcastle, 267.
His elevation, 267.
Maria Theresa, her accession, iii. 257.
Rallies Hungary to her assistance, 265.
Cedes Silesia and wins Frederic, 266, 267.
Again attacked by Frederic, 268, 269.
Enmity toward him, 293.
Combines Europe against him, 294.
Makes peace with him, 328.
Marlborough, Duke of, converted to Whiggism, ii. 176.
Marsh, Bishop, opposes Calvinistic doctrine, ii. 653.
Martin, Mr., an illustrator, unfortunate in his choice of subjects, i. 744.
Mary, Queen, her persecutions more excusable than Elizabeth's, i. 292.
Fanaticism of, ii. 90.
Massinger, Philip, his fondness for the Catholic Church, ii. 88.
Mathematics, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 458.
Mawbey, Sir Joseph, accuracy of his anecdote of Johnson, i. 698.
Medicine, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461-463.
Meer Cossim, his talents, deposition, and revenge, ii. 733, 734.
Meer Jaffier, his conspiracy, ii. 710.
His conduct during the battle of Plassey, 715.
His pecuniary transactions with Clive, 720, 721.
His proceedings on being threatened by the Great Mogul, 724, 725.
His fears of the English and intrigues with the Dutch, 726.
Deposed and reseated by the English, 733.
His death, 737.
His large bequest to Lord Clive, 745.
Melancthon, ii. 68.
Memmius, compared to Sir W. Temple, ii. 596.
Memory, Plato's estimate of, and Bacon's, ii. 461.
Mendoza, Hurtado de, ii. 133.
Metcalf, Sir Charles, ii. 761.
Mexico, exactions of Spanish viceroys in, ii. 733.
Michell, Sir Francis, ii. 414, 424.
Middleton, Dr., remarks on his Life of Cicero, ii. 360, 361.
Mill, James, his Essay on Government, i. 381-422.
Style of reasoning, 384.
His objection to aristocratical government, 387.
To monarchy, 388.
Contradicted by history, 390.
His fallacious reasoning with regard to combinations of government, 396.
On representative governments, 403.
Error in his theory, 405.
His idea with regard to suffrage qualifications, 408.
Failure to gauge human nature correctly, 414.
His art a trick of legerdermain, 417, 418.
Westminster Reviewer's defence of, refuted, 423-459.
His inconsistency, 464.
His merits as an historian, ii. 306, 307.
Defects of his history of British India, 671.
His unfairness towards Clive's character, 708.
Milton, John, compared with Dante, i. 13, 99.
His Essay on the Doctrines of Christianity recovered, 83.
Style and doctrines, 84.
His poetry his chief claim to recognition, 86.
His age unfavorable to his work, 86.
Excellence of his Latin verse, 91.
Suggestion the characteristic of his verse, 93.
L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, 94.
Samson Agonistes, 94.
Admiration for Euripides, 96.
Comus, 97.
Paradise Lost, 99.
His use of the supernatural, 104.
Character displayed in his poetry, 108.
His sonnets, 109. His public conduct, 110.
His support of public liberty approved, 121.
His defence of the regicides justified, 123.
His support of Cromwell creditable, 125.
His character a combination of the good elements of contemporary parties, 133, 134.
Prose writings, 137.
Blindness may have helped his work, 213.
His correctness considered, 584.
Admired by Byron, 595.
Minden, battle of, ii. 279.
Minorca, captured by the French, ii. 266.
Mirabeau, Dumont's Recollections of, ii. 95-127.
His use of nicknames, 125.
Compared with Wilkes, 125.
With Chatham, 126.
Missionary, story of a, i. 622.
Mitford, Mr., his History of Greece criticised, i. 56-82.
His characteristics as an historian, 57.
His narration better than his predecessors', 60.
His skepticism and political bias, 61.
Partial to Lacedæmon, 64.
And Lycurgus, 67.
Prejudiced against Athens, 70.
Inaccuracy with regard to Demosthenes, 73.
With regard to Æschines, 75.
His neglect of the peaceful pursuits of the Greeks, 77.
His faults, 274.
Molwitz, battle of, iii. 263.
Mompesson, Sir Giles, conduct of Bacon in regard to his patent, ii. 414, 415.
Abandoned to the vengeance of the Commons, 424.
Monarchy, the English, in the 16th century, ii. 75, 80.
Monjuich, fortress of, captured by Peterborough, ii. 163, 164.
Monopolies, during the latter part of Elizabeth's reign, ii. 382.
Multiplied under James, 414.
Connived at by Bacon, 414, 415.
Monson, Mr., made Councillor in India, iii. 144.
Opposes Hastings, 148.
Dies, 160.
Montagu, Basil, review of his edition of Lord Bacon's works, ii. 357-497.
Character of his work, 357-363.
His explanation of Lord Burleigh's conduct towards Bacon, 375.
His views and arguments in defence of Bacon's conduct towards Essex, 390-395.
His excuses for Bacon's use of torture, and his tampering with the judges, 405-408.
His reflections on Bacon's admonition to Buckingham, 416.
His complaints against James for not interposing to save Bacon, and for advising him to plead guilty, 427.
His defence of Bacon, 429-440.
Montesquieu, his Spirit of Laws, compared to Machiavelli's Prince, i. 180.
Horace Walpole's opinion of, ii. 198.
Montgomery, Robert, his poems reviewed, i. 546-568.
Passed off on the public as a great poet, 547.
His plagiarism and bad grammar, 556 et seq.
His descriptions, 560.
His personification, 563.
His unjustified popularity, 566.
His Satan, 566, 567.
Montreal, captured by the British, ii. 277.
Moore, Thomas, his Life of Lord Byron, i. 569-607.
Lalla Rookh, ii. 489.
More, Sir Thomas, as a character in Southey's Colloquies, i. 506.
His feeling for the doctrine of transubstantiation, iii. 7.
Mourning Bride, Congreve's, iii. 83.
Munny Begum, given charge of the infant Nabob, iii. 134.
Munro, Sir Thomas, ii. 761.
Munster, Bishop of, ii. 525.
Murray, Solicitor-General (1750), his character, ii. 258.
Professional ambition, 261.
Refuses Newcastle's overtures, 267.
Nabobs, class of Englishmen so called, ii. 745-748.
Napoleon, compared with Philip II. of Spain, ii. 131.
Anecdote of, 269.
His Old Guard compared with Clive's garrison at Arcot, 689.
His early proof of talents for war, 760.
Nares, Rev. Dr., review of his Burleigh and his Times, ii. 63-94.
Nelson, Southey's Life of, i. 499.
Newcastle, Duke of, his relation to Walpole, ii. 217, 218.
His character, 229, 230.
His appointment as head of the administration, 260.
His negotiations with Fox, 261, 262.
Attacked in Parliament by Chatham, 263.
His intrigues, 267.
His resignation of office, 268.
Sent for by the king on Chatham's dismissal, 270.
Leader of the Whig aristocracy, 272.
Motives for his coalition with Chatham, 273.
His perfidy toward the king, 274.
His jealousy of Fox, 274.
His strong government with Chatham, 275.
Forms a coalition with Chatham, iii. 596.
His power, 597.
Displaced by Bute, 620.
Newdigate, Sir Roger, his rule for prize poems, i. 585.
Newton, John, his connection with the slave trade, ii. 432.
His belief in predestination, 653.
Niagara, conquest of, ii. 276.
Nimeguen, treaty of, ii. 549.
Its hollowness and unsatisfactoriness, 550.
Nizam al Mulk, Viceroy of the Deccan, his death, ii. 684.
North, Lord, makes Hastings Governor-General of India, iii. 144.
Tries to remove him, 160.
Novum Organum, Lord Bacon's, quoted from, i. 447.
Use of quotation defended, 469.
Admiration excited by it before it was published, ii. 403.
And afterwards, 421.
Contrast between its doctrine and the ancient philosophy, 447, 455, 470.
Its first book the greatest performance of Bacon, 494.
Nov, Attorney-General to Charles I., ii. 26.
Nugent, Lord, review of his Memorials of John Hampden, his Party and his Times; ii. 1-62.
Nuncomar, candidate for minister of Bengal, his character, iii. 129.
Disliked by Hastings, 133.
Used as a tool, 135.
Accuses Hastings before the Council, 150.
Seized on charge of felony, and convicted, 153.
His execution, 155.
Oates, Titus, his plot, ii. 321-326.
Ochino, Bernardo, sermons by, ii. 369.
Ode to the Virgin, Petrarch's, i. 32.
Old Bachelor, Congreve's, iii. 81.
Oligarchy, has proved universally pernicious, i. 64.
Omichund, his position in India, ii. 709.
His treachery toward Clive, 711-717.
Omnipresence of the Deity, Montgomery's, criticised, i. 556.
Orange, William, Prince of, ii. 537.
The only hope of his country, 542.
His success against the French 543.
His marriage with the Lady Mary, 550.
See William III.
Orators, On the Athenian, i. 40-55.
Oratory, excellence to which it attained at Athens, i. 45.
Circumstances favorable to that result, 46.
Principles upon which it is to be estimated, 49.
Causes of the difference between English and Athenian orators, 50.
History of, at Athens, 51.
Speeches of the ancients, as transmitted to us by Thucydides, 52.
Period during which it flourished most at Athens, 52.
Coincidence between the progress of the art of war and that of oratory, 54.
Orme, his work on India, ii. 671.
Orsini, Princess, ii. 154, 155, 169.
Osborne, Sir Peter, and Sir William Temple, ii. 511.
Ossian, poems of, utterly condemned, i. 20.
Ostracism in Athens, i. 64.
Oude, Hastings's dealings with the Prince of, iii. 137.
Monetary demands on, 188.
Begums of, plundered, 191.
Overbury, Sir Thomas, ii. 436, 438.
Oxford, University of, inferior to that of Cambridge, in intellectual activity, ii. 364.
Painting, causes of its decline, in England after the civil wars, ii. 199.
Paley, cited, i. 660. Mr. Gladstone on, ii. 605.
Papacy, its antiquity, iii. 2.
Triumph at the Reformation due to public opinion, 25.
Papists and Protestants, line of demarcation between, ii. 380.
Paradise Lost, Milton's, i. 99.
Parker, Archbishop, ii. 89.
Parliament, recent demands on, i. 377.
Reform of, demanded, 378.
Parliament of James I., ii. 13, 14.
Of Charles I., his first, 15, 16.
His second, 17.
Its dissolution, 18.
His fifth, 31.
Effect of the publication of its proceedings, 220.
Parliament, the Long, its actions justified, i. 116.
Convened, 306.
Early measures approved, 316.
Attempt to seize five of its members, 318.
Loyal tendency of, 319.
Loyalists in, 320.
Attitude at the beginning of the war, 329.
Nineteen propositions of, 331.
Claims control of the militia, 333.
Its errors, 335.
Inclined to half measures at first, 338.
Growth of military party in, 339.
Gets into the hands of the army, 340.
Its first meeting, ii. 36.
Recapitulation of its acts, 37.
Its attainder of Strafford defended, 39, 40.
Sends Hampden to Edinburgh to watch the king, 41.
Refuses to surrender the members ordered to be impeached, 45.
Openly defies the king, 49.
Its conditions of reconciliation, 53.
Pascal, Blaise, ii. 590.
"Patriots, The," in opposition to Sir Robert Walpole, ii. 219.
Their remedies for state evils, 220-222.
Paulet, Sir Amias, ii. 373.
Peacham, Rev. Mr., his treatment by Bacon, ii. 405.
Peel, Sir Robert, i. 701.
Peerage, Sadler's assertion of its sterility refuted, i. 633, 684.
Pelham, Henry, his character, ii. 228.
His death, 260.
Pelhams, the, their ascendency, ii. 227.
Their accession to power, 255.
Feebleness of the opposition to them, 257.
Peninsular War, Southey's, i. 500.
People, the, in the 17th and 19th centuries, i. 543, 544.
Their welfare disregarded in partition treaties, ii. 141, 142.
Pepys, Samuel, praises the Triple Alliance, ii. 536, note.
Pericles, his eloquence, i. 53.
Distributes gratuities to Athenian tribunals, ii. 431.
Périer, J. V., his translation of Machiavelli, i. 140.
Peterborough, Earl of, his expedition to Spain, ii. 159.
His character, 159, 171.
His successes on the northeast coast of Spain, 161-166.
His retirement to Valencia thwarted, 170.
Returns to Valencia as a volunteer, 170.
His recall to England, 171.
Pétion, the Girondist, iii. 523.
His unfortunate end, 527.
Saint Just's speech on his guilt, 528.
"Petition of Right," enactment of the, ii. 17.
Violated by Charles I., 17, 27.
Petrarch, influence of his poems on the literature of Italy, i. 5, 6.
Celebrity as a writer, 23.
His amatory verses, 25.
Causes co-operating to spread his renown, 26, 27.
His coronation at Rome, 28, 29.
His poetical powers, 30.
His genius, 31.
Paucity of his thoughts, 31.
His energy when speaking of the wrongs and degradation of Italy, 32.
His poems on religious subjects, 32.
Prevailing defect of his best compositions, 33.
His imitators, 34.
His sonnets, 35.
Remarks on his Latin writings, 36.
Phalaris, Letters of, controversy upon their merits and genuineness, ii. 592-596.
Philip II. of Spain, extent and splendor of his empire, ii. 130.
Philip III. of Spain, his accession, ii. 148.
His character, 148-150.
His choice of a wife, 154.
Obliged to fly from Madrid, 166.
Surrender of his arsenal and ships at Carthagena, 167.
Defeated at Almenara, and again driven from Madrid, 173.
Forms a close alliance with his late competitor, 183.
Quarrels with France; value of his renunciation of the crown of France, 184.
Philip, Duke of Orleans, regent of France, ii. 118-120.
Compared with Charles II. of England, 119, 120.
Philips, Ambrose, friend of Addison, iii. 438.
Philips, Sir Robert, ii. 425.
Philosophical Church, the, iii. 39.
Its philanthropic tendency, 39.
Its extravagance, 42.
Philosophy, ancient, its characteristics, ii. 445.
Its stationary character, 449, 465.
Its alliance with Christianity, 452, 453.
Its fall, 453.
Its merits compared with the Baconian, 465-469.
Reason of its barrenness, 482.
Philosophy, moral, its relation to the Baconian system, ii. 472.
Philosophy, natural, the light in which it was viewed by the ancients, ii. 445-452.
New features of Bacon's, 455.
Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's, its characteristic peculiarity, i. 745.
Liked by all classes, 746.
Characters real beings, 748.
Not a consistent allegory, 749.
Portrays its author's internal conflicts, 754.
Depicts characters and judicial scenes typical of the time, 756.
Pisistratus, Bacon's comparison of Essex to, ii. 388.
Pitt, William, the elder. See Chatham, Earl of.
Pitt, William, the younger, sides with Hastings at first, iii. 207.
Supports the Benares charge against him, 216.
Motive alleged, 219.
Pius V., a bigot, ii. 662.
Plain Dealer, Wycherley's, its appearance and merit, iii. 70, 79.
Plassey, battle of, ii. 713-715.
Its effect in England, 723.
Plato, never sullen, ii. 359.
Comparison of his views with those of Bacon, 456-469.
His excellence in the art of dialogue, 590.
Plutarch, his school of historical writers, their faults, i. 251.
Out of sympathy with their subjects, 252.
Their cant about patriotism, 254.
Their influence on England slight, 255.
The French affected by, 257; ii. 124.
His evidence of gift-taking by Athenian judges, 431.
His anecdote of a speech by Lysias, 601.
Poetry, semi-civilization most favorable to the creation of, i. 86.
Defined, 89.
Use of the supernatural in, 101, 102.
Application of criticism to, 191.
Need of skill in, 198.
Revivals of, 203.
Its decay retarded in England by the drama, 209.
Meaning of correctness in, 581.
Its object, 587.
Its imitation, 588.
Revival of, in England, 591.
Byron's share in its revival, 594.
Pole, Cardinal, ii. 69.
Politian, quoted, ii. 286.
Political Science, progress of, ii. 300, 307, 303, 355, 356.
Polybius, authenticity his only merit as an historian, i. 251.
Pondicherry, ii. 686.
Pope, Alexander, first English author to be free of patronage, i. 548.
Deterioration of his school, 591.
Admired by Byron, 594.
Enriched by political favors, 722.
Esteemed by Johnson, 733.
Friendship with Wycherley, iii. 74.
Defends Addison's Cato, 461.
Estranged from Addison, 469.
His character leads to a suspicion of malignity, 473.
Attacks Addison in Atticus, 474.
Popes, the, restraint of, in Italy, i. 145.
Ranke's History of, reviewed, iii. 1-46.
Popish Plot, the, ii. 321-325.
Popoli, Duchess of, saved by the Earl of Peterborough, ii. 164.
Population, theory of excess of, a reflection on the Deity, i. 611.
Sadler's law of, 615.
Disproved by evidence, 617.
Its dependence on wealth, 631.
Further refutation of Sadler's law, 670 et seq.
Portico, school of the, its doctrines, ii. 450.
Portocarrero, Cardinal, ii. 144-148.
Louis XIV.'s opinion of him, 154.
His disgrace and reconciliation with the Queen Dowager, 167.
Posidonius, on the value of philosophy, ii. 445.
Post Nati, the, great case of, in the Exchequer Chamber, conducted by Bacon; doubts upon the legality of the decision, ii. 402.
Pragmatic Sanction, agreed to, iii. 257.
Entirely destroyed by Frederic the Great's action, 262.
Prerogative, royal, curtailed by the Revolution, ii. 211.
Bolingbroke proposes to strengthen it, 211. See Crown.
Press, the, emancipation of, i. 369.
Censorship of, in the reign of Elizabeth, ii. 76.
Prince, The, Machiavelli's, i. 176.
Compared to Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, 180.
Printing, its inventor and the date of its discovery unknown, ii. 452.
Privy Council, Temple's plan for its reconstitution, ii. 553.
Mr. Courtenay's opinion of its absurdity contested, 554-565.
Barillon's remarks upon it, 556.
Progress of mankind, in the political and physical sciences, ii. 300-306.
In intellectual freedom, 380.
The key of the Baconian doctrine, 445.
How retarded by the unprofitableness of ancient philosophy, 445-472.
Protestantism, early history of, ii. 73, 74.
Its attitude toward private judgment, 643.
Rapid advance of, iii. 14.
Struggle with Catholicism, 25.
Dissension in the ranks of, 28.
Vanquished and humbled, 34.
Productive of prosperity to its adherents, 36.
Non-extension of, remarkable, 45.
Protestant Nonconformists, in the reign of Charles I., intolerance of, ii. 42.
Protestants and Catholics, relative numbers of, in the 16th century, ii. 83, 84.
Provence, earliest civilized portion of Western Europe, iii. 9.
Prussia, king of, subsidized by the Pitt and Newcastle ministry, ii. 278.
Its beginnings, iii. 243.
Becomes a kingdom, 244.
Condition of, under Frederic the Great, 275.
Fearful devastation of, in the Seven Years' War, 329.
Prynne, pilloried and mutilated, ii. 23, 29.
Public opinion, power of, ii. 209.
Public spirit, an antidote against bad government, ii. 78.
A safe-guard against legal oppression, 79.
Puffing, used to float poor books, i. 549.
Method employed, 550.
Discreditable to the author puffed, 552.
Its effect, 553.
Pulteney, William, his opposition to Walpole, ii. 213, 239.
Moved the address to the king on the marriage of the Prince of Wales, 246.
His unpopularity, 253.
Accepts a peerage, 254.
Puritans, absurd and brilliant characteristics of, i. 128-132.
Theatres closed by, 209.
Persecution of, by Elizabeth, inexcusable, 295.
Their persecution by Charles I., ii. 22.
Settlement in America, 29.
Blamed for calling in the Scots, 34.
Defended against this accusation, 34, 35.
Difficulty and peril of their leaders, 44.
The austerity of their manners drove many to the royal standard, 55.
Their position at the close of the reign of Elizabeth, 380.
Pym, John, intimate with Hampden, ii. 31.
His influence, 36.
His impeachment ordered by the King, 45.
Lady Carlisle's warning to him, 46.
Pynsent, Sir William, his legacy to Chatham, iii. 645.
Quebec, conquest of, by Wolfe, ii. 276.
Quintilian, as a critic, i. 42.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, ii. 94.
His position at court at the close of Elizabeth's reign, 383.
His execution, 413.
Ramus, ii. 455.
Ranke, Leopold, review of his History of the Popes, iii. 1-46.
His qualifications as an historian, 1, 44.
Red-haired people, might be forced into the attitude of the Jews toward governments, i. 649.
Reform Bill, ii. 268.
Conduct of its opponents, 336.
Reformation, the, spirit of, in Europe, i. 296.
In England, 297.
Its immediate effect upon political liberty in England, ii. 8.
Analogy between it and the French Revolution, 71.
Its effect upon the Church of Rome, 138.
Vacillation which it produced in English legislation, 364.
Progress of, in northern Europe, iii. 14.