52 For some time Lewis had been planning a holiday with Arthur Greeves in Northern Ireland. He expected to arrive at Greeves’s house on 21 August, and leave on the night of 8 September. Lewis and Green had long wanted to visit the ruined castles of North Wales, beginning with Beaumaris Castle, Anglesey.

53 Liverpool.

54 This letter is found only in Vanauken, A Severe Mercy, ch. 5, p. 110.

55 Michael Kevin Irwin (1944-), a schoolboy who wrote to Lewis about the Narnian stories, was born on 2 December 1944. He was educated at St Edward’s School, Oxford, and was the son of the Rev. Patrick Irwin, to whom Lewis wrote on 26 September 1952.

56 E. Nesbit, The Phoenix and the Carpet (1904); The Story of the Amulet (1906).

57 J. R. R. Tolkien, The Hobbit: or There and Back Again (1937).

58 George MacDonald, The Princess and the Goblin (1872); The Princess and Curdie (1883).

59 Baloo is the sleepy brown bear in Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book.

60 Bulkeley Arms Hotel, Beaumaris.

61 Richard Hughes, A High Wind in Jamaica (1929).

62 Ralph Waldo Emerson, May-day and Other Pieces (1867), ‘Brahma’, 11.

63 In Miracles: A Preliminary Study (London: Bles, 1947; Fount, 1998), pp. 90, 110, Lewis quotes from Alfred North Whitehead’s Science and the Modern World (1925).

64 See Mary Neylan, mother of Sarah Neylan, in the Biographical Appendix to CL II, pp. 1054-5.

65 i.e., Charles Williams.

66 Joseph Stalin.

67 Graham Greene, The Power and the Glory (1940). This novel, usually regarded as Greene’s best, is set in Mexico during a time of religious persecution. It describes the desperate last wanderings of a priest, the central character in the book, who is never given a name. The priest, who ‘carried a wound, as though a whole world had died’, commits the moral sin of fornication with the peasant woman Maria, after falling into the worst sin of ‘despair’. The only priest left in the state who has not either escaped or died, or conformed to the atheistic government, he returns to the village where Maria lives with their illegitimate daughter. Despite the fact that he believes himself to be condemned by God, he knows he can nevertheless bring salvation to others. In the end he achieves holiness and eventually martyrdom by virtue of, rather than in spite of, his sins.

68 Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited. See the letter to Christian Hardie of 22 March 1951.

69 William Shakespeare, Macbeth (1623).

70 Lewis’s confessor was Father Walter Adams SSJE of Cowley, Oxford. He had been Lewis’s confessor since Lewis began going to confession in 1940. Father Adams died on 3 March 1952, but Lewis is curiously wrong about his dying at the altar. He died peacefully at the home of friends in Headington. See Father Walter Adams SSJE in the Biographical Appendix to CL II, pp. 1015-16.

71 The words quoted seem to be a conflation of two very similar passages. The first is Thomas à Kempis, The Imitation of Christ, Book IV, Ch. 4, 3: ‘et tu fons es semper plenus et super abundans, ignis semper ardens et numquam deficiens’: ‘and you are a fountain ever full and over abundant, a flame always burning and never failing’. This passage has a textual problem: sometimes ‘ignis semper ardens’ is read as ‘ignis iugiter ardens’, ‘a flame continually burning’. Lewis’s text presumably read ‘ignis iugiter ardens’. Then there is the passage from Book IV, Ch. 16, 3: ‘cum tu sis ignis semper ardens et numquam deficiens, amor corda purificans et intellectum illuminans’: ‘since you are a flame always burning and never failing, a love that purifies the heart and illuminates the intellect’. Lewis seems to have conflated the two passages in his memory, creating something like this: ‘cum tu sis ignis iugiter ardens et numquam deficiens, amor corda…’

72 John 17:21.

73 Lewis had sent Pitter a ticket to his lecture on ‘Hero and Leander’, given to the British Academy on 20 February 1952. The lecture is reprinted in SLE.

74 Christopher Marlowe and George Chapman, Hero and Leander (1598). Marlowe wrote the first two books of this poem, and Chapman (? 1559-1634) the remaining four. See English Literature in the Sixteenth Century, Pt. III, Ch. 3, Sect. 3.

75 Andrew Young, Into Hades (1952).

76 i.e., George Sayer.

77 The incumbent President, Harry S. Truman, decided against seeking re-election in 1952. He threw his support behind Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson—not Robert A. Taft—who was drafted in as the Democratic nominee. Stevenson proved no match for General Dwight D. Eisenhower who won a landslide victory.

78 See the biography of Delmar Banner, artist, in CL II, p. 537n.

79 P. G. Wodehouse, Thank You, Jeeves (1934), ch. 1: ‘I fear I cannot recede from my position.’

80 Banner had invited Lewis to his home at The Bield, Little Langdale, in the Lake District.

81 ‘I could’.

82 ‘I couldn’t’.

83 Library Association Proceedings, Papers and Summaries of Discussion at the Bournemouth Conference on 29 April to 2 May 1952 (1952), pp. 22-8, and reprinted in Of This and Other Worlds, ed. Walter Hooper (London: Collins, 1982; HarperCollins, 2000); published in the United States as On Stories: and Other Essays on Literature (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982).

84 Roger Lancelyn Green, The Wonderful Stranger (1950).

85 ‘the far country’.

86 See Nell Berners-Price in the Biographical Appendix. Lewis had to be present as a witness at Mrs Hooker’s trial in Canterbury on 8 May. Nell Berners-Price had invited him to spend the night before the trial at Courtstairs Hotel, so that he would be near Canterbury. Following the trial Mrs Hooker was sent to Holloway Prison in London.

87 Lewis had smudged his signature when using a piece of blotting paper.

88 This letter was published in The Times Literary Supplement (9 May 1952), p. 313, under the title ‘The Sheepheard’s Slumber’.

89 Prince Caspian.

90 Penelope was the seven-year-old daughter of Mr and Mrs Berners-Price.

91 Charles Gore, The Sermon on the Mount (1896), Appendix III, p. 215: ‘Christ, by a distinct act of legislation, prohibited divorce among His disciples in such sense as allows of remarriage, except in the case of adultery of one of the parties.’

92 Conference of Bishops of the Anglican Communion, Holden at Lambeth Palace in July 1888 (London: SPCK, 1888), pp. 43-4: ‘No. 3.–Divorce…a. That, inasmuch as our Lord’s words expressly forbid divorce, except in the case of fornication or adultery, the Christian Church cannot recognize divorce in any other than the excepted case, or give any sanction to the marriage of any person who has been divorced contrary to this law, during the life of the other party.

‘b. That under no circumstances ought the guilty party, in the case of a divorce for fornication or adultery, to be regarded, during the lifetime of the innocent party, as a fit recipient of the blessing of the Church on marriage.

‘c. That, recognizing the fact that there always has been a difference of opinion in the Church on the question whether our Lord meant to forbid marriage to the innocent party in a divorce for adultery, the Conference recommends that the clergy should not be instructed to refuse the sacraments or other privileges of the Church to those who, under civil sanction, are thus married.’

93 Sir Godfrey Rolles Driver (1892-1975), Old Testament scholar and Semitic philologist, was elected a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1919 and was Professor of Semitic Philology, 1938-62. He was intimately concerned with the New English Bible, and his works include The Judaean Scrolls (1965). Young was interested in writing a novel based on the Book of Judith from the Old Testament Apocrypha.

94 Mrs Goelz was being confirmed in the Episcopal Church.

95 David Cecil, Lord M.: or The Later Life of Lord Melbourne (London: Constable, 1954), p. 6: ‘[Lord Melbourne] loved to defend the indefensible. “What I like about the Order of the Garter,” he once remarked, “is that there is no damned merit about it.”‘

96 Sir Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) was Plumian Professor of Astronomy at Cambridge University, and the founder of the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy.

97 ‘writer of extended romances’.

98 Edmund Spenser, Epíthalamíon (1595).

99 Vera Mathews had married K. H. Gebbert, and they were now living at Sun Valley Lodge, Sun Valley, Idaho, where Mr Gebbert had was working.

100 Since 21 December 1951 Griffiths had been at the Benedictine priory at Pluscarden, Elgin, Moray, Scotland, where he was novice master.

101 Konrad Z. Lorenz, King Solomon’s Ring: New Light on Animal Ways (1952).

102 The top of this letter was torn off, and with it the date and salutation.

103 During the Summer Term 1952 Vanauken sent Lewis copies of his ‘Oxford Sonnets’: ‘I sent round the whole six sonnets, though he had seen two of them, to C. S. Lewis, and he replied, in part: “I think all the sonnets really good. The Sands is v. good, indeed. So is Advent, perhaps it is best. (L. 5 is a corker)” ‘(Vanauken, A Severe Mercy, ch. 5, p. 123). All six sonnets are included in A Severe Mercy.

104 ibid., ch. 4, p. 100, ‘The Gap’, iii, 1-4: ‘Between the probable and proved there yawns/A gap. Afraid to jump, we stand absurd,/Then see behind us sink the ground and, worse,/Our very standpoint crumbling.’

105 See Austin and Katharine Farrer in the Biographical Appendix.

106 Katharine Farrer, The Missing Link (London: Collins, 1952). This was the first of Farrer’s detective novels.

107 i.e., Martyn Skinner’s The Return of Arthur: Merlin.

108 Farrer, The Missing Link, ch. 11, p. 141: ‘He moodily watched Plummer and Thomas go into the watchman’s hut and turned towards the darkness and the familiar devil of the stairs.’ This sentence was changed in the Penguin paperback of 1955 to read: ‘He moodily watched Plummer and Thomas go into the watchman’s hut and turned towards the darkness to wrestle with his hopes and despairs.’

109 Ibid., p. 127: ‘not families, family-allowances’ etc.

110 i.e., a character in one of the novels of Charles Williams.

111 John Milton, At a Vacation Exercise in the College, part Latin, part English (1673), ‘The Latin Speeches ended, the English thus began’, 29-30: ‘Yet I had rather, if I were to choose,/Thy service in some graver subject use.’

112 Miss Marg-riette Montgomery was writing from San Antonio, Texas.

113 See the biography of Rudolf Steiner, founder of Anthroposophy, in CL I, p. 671n.

114 i.e., Owen Barfield and Cecil Harwood.

115 Lewis used this German word in SBJ, ch. 1, to mean the ‘intense longing’ or ‘Joy’ which played a large part in his conversion.

116 Mark 15:31.

117 Charles Williams, He Came Down from Heaven (1938), ‘The Practice of Substituted Love’.

118 William Borst, an editor in the college department of Harcourt, Brace & World, was handling Lewis’s essay on Spenser for Major British Writers.

119 Spenser, The Faerie Queene, I, i, 2, 1-2: ‘But on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore/ The deare remembrance of his dying Lord.’

120 Hsin-Chang Chang was born in China. He attended the University of Shanghai before taking a D. Phil, in English from Edinburgh University. For some years he was a lecturer in English at the University of Malaya in Singapore. In 1959 he returned to England to become University Lecturer in Chinese. He later became University Lecturer in Chinese Studies and Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge. He is the author of Allegory and Courtesy in Spenser: A Chinese View (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1955) and Chinese Literature, 3 vols (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1973-83). In ‘Memories’, In Search of C. S. Lewis, ed. Stephen Schofield (South Plainfield, New Jersey: Bridge Publishing Co., 1983), Chang said (p. 104): ‘I did not then realize, as I have since come to think…that we had much in common. For his hero was Sir Philip Sidney…and Sidney, too, was mine. And indeed Sidney had embodied in his life both chivalry and courtesy. My ingrained belief that a definite code ought to govern the tone of one’s writing as well as one’s conduct—which in essence is Confucian but not uninfluenced by European chivalry—must have appealed to Lewis and made him readier, in later years, to accept me as a friend. Certainly a vein of chivalry underlies all his own writings, and this explains for me the style and verve of his literary criticism.’

121 Monsignor Ferdinand Vandry (1887-1967), Rector of Université Laval, Quebec, wrote to Lewis on 6 June 1952 to say the University wanted to confer on him an Honorary Doctorate of Literature. No difficulties were put in the way of Lewis receiving the degree in absentia, and it was duly conferred upon him on 22 September 1952.

122 1 Corinthians 12:27.

123 The two nonsense poems referred to are the one reproduced above, and ‘Awake, My Lute!’, published in The Atlantic Monthly, CLXXII (November 1943), pp. 113, 115, and reprinted in Poems and CR

124 Rudyard Kipling, Just So Stories (1902).

125 A vol is a heraldic symbol consisting of a pair of outstretched wings, connected together at the shoulders without any bird’s body in the middle.

* Except the Unbelievable, of course: he has more sense than we have!

126 It is not known which of the letters to Borst this undated poem, in the style of Spenser’s Faerie Queene, accompanied. It seems likely that it was sent with the letter of 22 June 1952.

127 In 1950-1 Bodle trained at the Department of Education of the Deaf at Manchester University, and at this time she was teaching at the Manchester Royal School for the Deaf.

128 Helen Keller, The Story of My Life (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1903). Born blind and deaf, Helen Keller (1880-1968) learned to read, write and speak from her teacher, Anne Sullivan. She graduated from Radcliffe College, and lectured widely on behalf of deaf people.

129 Roger Lancelyn Green, From the World’s End: A Fantasy (Leicester: E. Ward, [1948]).

130 See Lewis’s comments on George Rostrevor Hamilton’s The Tell-Tale Article: A Critical Approach to Modern Poetry (1949) in the letter to Hamilton of 14 August 1949 (CL II, pp. 966-7).

131 David Craigie, Dark Atlantis (1951).

132 ‘Orichalcum’ is golden copper.

133 Blessed Virgin Mary.

134 Of his poem, ‘The Pilgrim’s Problem’, first published in The Month, VII (May 1952), p. 275, and reprinted in Poems and CP.

135 See the letter to Greeves of 18 September 1916 (CL I, pp. 221-3).

136 See the biography of Geoffrey Bles in CL II, p. 554n.

137 ‘Mycroft’ was Bles’s name for Warnie, a joke the Lewis brothers greatly enjoyed. Mycroft is the name Sir Arthur Conan Doyle gave the mysterious elder brother of Sherlock Holmes. He is first mentioned in ‘The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter’ in Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894), in which Holmes says: ‘My brother would be the greatest criminal agent that ever lived. But he has no ambition and no energy. He would not even go out of his way to verify his own solutions, and would rather be considered wrong than take the trouble to prove himself right.’ The mysterious brother is also mentioned in ‘The Adventure of the Bruce–Partington Plans’ in His Last Bow (1917). In that story Holmes says Mycroft ‘has the tidiest and most orderly brain, with the greatest capacity for storing facts, of any man living’.

138 Lewis was referring to Le Lion et la Sorcière Blanche, trans. Émile-R. Blanchet (Paris: Librairie Hachette, 1952), the French translation of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.

139 Le Lion et la Sorcière Blanche, ch. 17, p. 185: ‘great shame would we have’.

140 Mere Christianity.

141 On ‘Parson’s Pleasure’ see CL I, p. 304n.

142 Young published his essay on Lewis’s trilogy as ‘The Contented Christian’ in the Cambridge Journal, V (July 1952), pp. 603-12.

143 Driver probably had in mind Richard Capper’s Judith: An Historical Drama (1867).

144 Hermann Hesse, The Glass Bead Game, trans. Mervyn Savill (London: Aldus, 1949).

145 In George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949).

146 Horace, Ars Poética, 70-1: ‘Multa renascentur quae iam cecidere, cadentque/quae nunc surit in honore.’ (The next word in the poem, vocabula, refers not to ‘many things’ but ‘many words’–words that go in and out of favour in literary language.)

147 i.e., Anthroposophists. See the letter to Montgomery of 10 June 1952.

148 Lewis was referring to the Latin poem, ‘Dies Irae, dies ilia’ (‘Day of wrath’) by Thomas of Celano (c. 1200-1260), companion and biographer of St Francis of Assisi. The poem forms a part of the requiem Masses in the Roman Missal.

149 Revelation 22:20.

150 John 13:34.

151 John 16:22.

152 Bodle was returning to New Zealand to teach at the School for the Deaf, Titirangi, Auckland, and she had asked for Lewis’s prayers.

153 Charles Williams Dunn (1915–) was one of the editors of Major British Writers. He was also editing at this time A Chaucer Reader: Selections from the Canterbury Tales (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1952). Dunn was the editor (with E. T. Byres) of Middle English Literature (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1973) and many other works.

154 Lewis had just finished his mammoth English Literature in the Sixteenth Century.

* And also has real grammar, not like Middle English!

155 One part of the examination system at Oxford University consists in a spoken or viva voce (‘by the living voice’) examination.

156 George Sayer’s cat.

157 See Anne Barbara Scott in the Biographical Appendix. She had attended Charles Williams’s lectures when an undergraduate, and she and Williams became close friends.

158 The draft of Scott’s letter of 26 July 1952 referred to here by Lewis is preserved in the Bodleian Library (MS. Eng. lett. c. 220/7, fols. 10-14).

159 In his Commentary in Arthurian Torso, Containing the Posthumous Fragment of The Figure of Arthur by Charles Williams and A Commentary on The Arthurian Poems of Charles Williams (London: Oxford University Press, 1948), Lewis wrote: ‘Between this poem and the Last Voyage we should probably place The Meditation of Mordred. The doom of Logres is almost accomplished. Gawaine, the king’s nephew, son of Morgause and Lot, whom Williams calls “the canonical Gawaine” because the canon or code of earthly honour is his only principle, urged on by his half-brother Mordred, has revealed to Arthur the loves of Guinivere and Lancelot’ (ch. 5, p. 177).

160 ‘The Meditation of Mordred’ in Charles Williams, The Region of the Summer Stars (1944). Scott said in her letter: ‘(1) “Canonical G.” is surely the ecclesiastical equivalent of “legitimate G.”–his birth was approved by the laws of both Church & State, as that of Mordred was forbidden by both. Thus, in the Meditation, M. refers to the K. as “my uncanonical father” ‘(Bodleian Library, MS. Eng. lett. c. 220/7, fol. 13).

161 Williams, Taliessin Through Logres, ‘The Departure of Merlin’, XIII, 4.

162 Scott asked in her letter: ‘(2) Is not “the world’s base” Caucasia, & “the worm in the world’s base” the Caucasian women, all loving naturally as opposed to arch-naturally? Guinevere’s vocation was to “exhibit the glory” so clearly & resplendently to the women of Logres that they should not be able to help being “brought to a flash of seeing” (or as my husband more forcibly puts it “her job was to make the silly ones sit up & take notice”)’ (Bodleian Library, MS. Eng. lett. c. 220/7, fol. 13).

163 Williams, The Region of the Summer Stars, ‘The Prayers of the Pope’, pp. 46-55.

164 Arthurian Torso, ‘The Grail and the Morte’, p. 180: ‘In The Prayers of the Pope we are invited to study more fully this extinguishing of lights. The situation which “the young Pope Deodatus, Egyptian-born” contemplates is of course very like that which Williams contemplated in 1944 and which we still contemplate in 1946. But the poem is not simply a tract for the time. We are seeing, partly, the real present; partly the imaginary world of the poem; partly the real past, the division of Christendom which culminated with the breach between Pope and Patriarch in 1054 and the great retreat of Christendom before Islam which had preceded it.’ In her letter of 26 July 1952 Scott observed: ‘(3) About the “women of Burma” in The Prayers of the Pope, there was an explanation on the level you reject as well as the other, & far more important, meanings. Towards the end of my time at Oxford I went to walk, on most afternoons…with Charles Williams…& at one such time when he was working on that poem, he was speaking of the difficulty of devising some method of defeat for the octopus & saying, of course playfully but seriously in the game, that points in the Taliessin poems had coincided with points in the war so often that he must hurry up and do it, or the Japanese would have taken India before he had thought how to stop them’ (Bodleian Library, MS. Eng. lett. c. 220/7, fol. 13).

165 Williams, Taliessin Through Logres, ‘The Coming of Galahad’: XIII, 1-3: ‘But he: “Proofs were; roofs were: 1/ what more? Creeds were; songs were. Four/zones divide the empire from the Throne’s firmament.” ‘Scott commented: ‘I am sure that he said the “proofs”, “roofs”, “creeds” & “songs” were connected forwards with the four planetary Zones, & not backwards with the five Houses…“Proofs” I suppose might appropriately be connected with Mercury, the Lord of Language. Could “roofs”, as providing shelter which you can make use of if you choose, be connected with preferences? “Creeds” seem to fit “irony & defeated irony”, the irony being in the absurdity of saying, as creeds must, this is Thou about Him of whom we must instantly add neither is this Thou, & the defeated irony in the absolute necessity of doing just that. And Saturn, beyond the rest & nearest to, though still utterly divided from, “the Throne’s firmament” might fitly represent poetry which Charles certainly held to be able to express truth in a way which the prose of creeds could not’ (Bodleian Library, MS. Eng. lett. c. 220/7, fol. 14).

166 Before the presidential election of 1952 Robert A. Taft (1889-1953) ran against Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) as candidate for the Republican Party. Eisenhower was chosen, and in the election, held on 4 November, he defeated the Democratic candidate, Adlai Stevenson.

167 i.e., Mrs Frank Jones.

168 Green met Lewis at the Woodside Hotel, Liverpool, on 9 September. They visited Beaumaris Castle and spent that night at the Bulkeley Arms Hotel. Lewis spent the following night as the guest of Roger and June Lancelyn Green at Poulton Hall, Bebington, returning to Oxford on 11 September.

169 H. Rider Haggard, The Virgin of the Sun (1922).

170 Thank-you notes addressed to one’s hostess.

171 Roger Lancelyn Green, The Story of Lewis Carroll (London: Methuen, 1949).

172 Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, ch. 5. Asked by the White Queen how old she is, Alice answers, ‘I’m seven and a half, exactly’ ‘“You needn’t say ‘exactually’,” the Queen remarked. “I can believe it without that.” ‘

173 For the biography of Florence (Michal) Williams, wife of Charles Williams, see Charles Walter Stansby Williams in the Biographical Appendix to CL II, pp. 1081-6.

174 Michael Williams (1922-2000) was the son of Charles and Michal Williams.

175 In his diary entry for 5 November 1956 Warnie wrote of the correspondence between Joy Gresham and his brother: ‘Until 10th January 1950 neither of us had ever heard of her; then she appeared in the mail as just another American fan, Mrs. W. L. Gresham from the neighbourhood of New York. With however the difference that she stood out from the ruck by her amusing and well-written letters, and soon J and she had become “pen-friends.” ‘(BF, p. 244). Unfortunately, none of Joy’s letters to Lewis has come to light, and the only letters from Lewis to Joy that survive are those in this volume of 22 December 1953, 11 March and 19 November 1959.

176 See the passage on Joy Gresham following the letter to Margaret Sackville Hamilton of 23 September 1952.

177 i.e., Anthroposophists. See the letter to Montgomery of 10 June 1952.

178 ‘To cap it all!’ He was referring to Mere Christianity.

179 John Milton, L’Allegro (1645), 121-2: ‘With store of ladies, whose bright eyes/Rain influence, and judge the prize.’

180 Henry James, Letters, ed. Percy Lubbock, 2 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1920). The copy referred to here had once belonged to Albert Lewis, and it had been given to Arthur.

181 The hotel where they had been staying: see the heading of the letter on p. 220.

182 This letter is a reply to a question Goodridge asked Lewis about John Milton’s Cornus (1637).

183 Lewis was planning to give his course of lectures on the ‘Prolegomena to Renaissance Poetry’ during Hilary Term, 1953.

184 Milton, Comus, 459-72.

185 ibid., opening stage direction: ‘The first Scene discovers a wild wood./The Attendant Spirit descends or enters.’

186 ibid., 1.

187 ibid., 3.

188 ibid., 4.

189 ibid., 980:.

190 Mrs Margaret Sackville Hamilton wrote to Walter Hooper from 4 Pagoda Avenue, Richmond, Surrey, on 31 May 1968: ‘I am a housewife, mother & grandmother of no academic qualification at all. However, being a lover of T. S. Eliot I wrote & asked C. S. Lewis after reading “Beyond Personality” Chapter III for more information re Ever Present Time & by return of post, in his own handwriting, I received the enclosed’ (Bodleian Library, MS. Eng. lett. c. 220/2, fol. 1).

191 Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy, with the English translations of’ ‘I.T.’ (1690), rev. H. F. Stewart (London: Heinemann, Loeb Classical Library, 1918).

192 Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (1781).

193 Friedrich von Hügel, Eternal Life: A Study of its Implications and Applications (1912).

194 Arthur Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World (1928).

195 John William Dunne, An Experiment with Time (1927).

196 John William Dunne, The Serial Universe (London: Faber & Faber, 1934).

197 2 Peter 2:8: ‘One day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day’

198 See Joy Gresham Lewis in the Biographical Appendix.

199 See David Lindsay Gresham in the Biographical Appendix.

200 See Douglas Howard Gresham in the Biographical Appendix.

201 George Sayer, Jack: C. S. Lewis and His Times (London: Macmillan, 1988; 2nd ed. Hodder & Stoughton, 1997), ch. 19, pp. 214-15.

202 The Rev. Patrick Kevin Irwin (1907-65) was born on 2 October 1907 and read Modern History at Brasenose College, Oxford, graduating in 1929. He read Theology at Ely Theological College in 1930, and was ordained in 1931. He served as Curate of Helmsley, Yorkshire, 1930-3, and of Goldthorpe, 1934-8. He was Vicar of Sawston, 1941-2, Vicar of St Augustine, Wisbech, 1947-58, Rural Dean of Wisbech, 1954-8, and Rector of Fletton, Ely, 1958-65.

203 Charles Wickliffe Moorman (1925-96) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on 24 May 1925. After serving in the Second World War, he graduated from Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1949. He earned Master’s and Doctoral degrees from Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1951 and 1954. He joined the English Department at the University of Southern Mississippi (then Mississippi Southern College), Hattiesburg, Mississippi, in 1954 and became department head in 1956, a position he held for twelve years. Moorman served as Dean of the Graduate School for two years, and as Academic Vice-president for twelve years. He stepped down in 1980 to resume full-time teaching and research, retiring in 1990. An expert in both Middle English and modern English literature, over the years he taught a wide variety of undergraduate and graduate courses. He died on 3 May 1996. His works include Myth and Medieval Literature: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (1956), The Precincts of Felicity: The Augustinian City of the Oxford Christians (1966) and A Knyght There Was: The Evolution of the Knight in Literature (1967).

204 Moorman was collecting material for a work published as Arthurian Triptych: Myth Materials in Charles Williams, C. S. Lewis, and T. S. Eliot (1960).

205 Charles Williams, All Hallows’ Eve (1945).

206 1 Corinthians 13:13.

207 The three principles which Williams set great store by, and which run through his works, were Co-inherence, Exchange and Substitution. They are summarized in ‘Williams and the Arthuriad’, ch. 3, p. 123 of Arthurian Torso.

208 The Figure of Arthur, Arthurian Torso, pp. 5-90.

209 That Hideous Strength, ch. 13, part V, p. 316: ‘None hears us save the last of the seven bears of Logres’; ch. 12, vi, p. 290: ‘Who knows what the technique of the Atlantean Circle was really like?’

210 ibid., Preface, p. xii: ‘Those who would like to learn further about Numinor and the True West must (alas!) await the publication of much that still exists only in the MSS of my friend, Professor J. R. R. Tolkien.’ Lewis had in mind that work of Tolkien’s published as The Silmarillion, ed. Christopher Tolkien (London: Allen & Unwin, 1977), ‘Akallabêth: The Downfall of Numenor’, pp. 259-82. In a letter to Roger Lancelyn Green of 17 July 1971, in Green and Hooper, C. S. Lewis: A Biography, p. 210, Tolkien said: ‘With regard to “Numinor”, in the early days of our association Jack used to come to my house and I read aloud to him The Silmarillion so far as it had then gone…Numinor was his version of a name he had never seen written (Numenor) and no doubt was influenced by numinous.’

211 The ‘romance’ was of course Tolkien’s trilogy, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (1954), The Two Towers (1954) and The Return of the King (1955).

Prev.1 ...17 181920 21 ...30 Next